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  • 3

  • 3Giga - Serial Digital Interface: 3Gb/s Video Signal with standard definition according to SMPTE ST 424M:2012. This standard includes the signals: Format: 16:9 / 1920 pix. × 1080p active lines / Bit Rate: 3 Gb/s. AKA "2K".

  • 4

  • Within of 4K video signal group are: 6G-SDI signals with the SMPTE standard ST2081-1 and 12G-SDI signals with the SMPTE standard ST2082-1.

  • 6

  • 6Giga - Serial Digital Interface: 6Gb/s Video Signal with a standard definition according to SMPTE ST2081-1. This standard includes the signals: 3840 pixels x 2160 líneas (2160p 30 fps) lines, a clock frequency of 6GHz and a bit rate of 6 Gb/s. AKA "4K QFHD" within UHD-1 group.

  • 1

  • 12Giga - Serial Digital Interface: 12Gb/s Video Signal with a standard definition according to SMPTE ST2082-1 This standard includes the signals: 3840 pixels × 2160 lines (2160p 60 fps), a clock frequency of 12GHz and a bit rate of 12 Gb/s. AKA "4K". Within of UHD1 group.
  • IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network. CAT 5 cable.
  • IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 1000 Mb/s point-to-point link over one single-mode optical fiber.
  • IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 1000 Mb/s point-to-point link over two single-mode or multimode optical fibers.
  • IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 1000 Mb/s point to multipoint link over one single-mode optical fiber
  • IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 1000 Mb/s point to multipoint link over one single-mode optical fiber with a reach of up to 20 Km.
  • IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 1000 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network using four pairs of Category 5 balanced copper cabling.

  • a

  • Device which combines two channels with different signals into one channel.
  • It is a digital audio signal which is defined by AES 3 standard (this signal is called AES EBU signal or digital audio signal as well). This standard defines a digital audio format used by professional audio systems. Cables and connectors: Standard says a balanced (1) and shielded cable(...)
  • AES information document about transmission of AES3 (1) signal by unbalanced (2) coaxial cable. This standard defines a digital audio format which is transmitted by unbalaced signal and using 75 ohm coaxial cable, BNC connectors and signal levels of 1 Vpp. It used in video installations where(...)
  • Commonly called to digital audio signal which is defined by AES3 standard (this signal is called AES 3 or digital audio as well). This standard defines a digital audio format used by professional audio systems. Cables and connectors: Standard says a balanced and shielded cable with a(...)
  • It is an Audio Splitter for line level used in Press rooms where mic signal (of speaker) goes to mix console and from there is distributed into n outputs which will be available for press staff. Press splitters can be Active Audio Splitter or Passive Audio Splitter depending on if it is(...)
  • Device capable of distributing an input signal into several output signals (from 2 to 32 or more). The outputs or inputs can be isolated by transformer(1) (which has multiple advantages) and in some cases can be amplified outputs. There are several types of Audio Splitters, Depending on(...)

  • b

  • These connectors are prepared to work with Balanced Signal. Some balanced connectors are: XLR-3, JACK 6.3 TRS, JACK 3.5 TRS, BANTAM. Pin designations: XLR-3: Positive Signal: pin 2, Return Signal: pin 3 and Shield: pin 1. BANTAM: Positive Signal: Tip, Return Signal: Ring, Shield:(...)
  • A balanced signal is composed of Positive Signal (+), Return Signal (-) and Ground (Shield). Each one is transmitted over a different conductor so that is necessary 2 conductors and shield cables. A balanced connector has 3 pins where are joined each one of conductors and shield
  • Device which transforms a unbalanced signal into balanced signal. A balancer is the best way to adapt unbalanced to balanced signals (connect consumer equipment to professional equipment) reducing or eliminating the noise that can be induced in our audio signal. The purpose of a balanced(...)
  • This connector is intended for audio broadcast and similar professional use. It is used with balanced signal and its diameter is 4.4 mm. It is known as Tiny-T or TT connector as well. Positive Signal: Tip, Return Signal: Ring, Shield: Sleeve. Bibliography: AES-R3-2001, IEC 61602.

  • c

  • FR: According to its fire behavior may appear different acronym: - FLAME RETARDANT. To the following standards referred: EN 60332-1: Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions. Tests for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable. IEC 60332-1(...)
  • CAT.5 refers to Category 5 cables and connectors: for applications of up to 100 BASET, 100 Mbps, 100 MHz. It's correspond to Class D.
  • CAT.5 refers to Category 5 cables and connectors: for applications of up to 100 BASET, 100 Mbps, 100 MHz. It's correspond to Class D.
  • CAT.5E refers to Category 5 Enhanced cables and connectors: for applications of 1000 BASET, 250 Mbps, 100 MHz . This is a enhanced system since higher rate are reached because interference level are kept at a minimum value thanks to a manufacture procedure more careful (the twisted ratio is(...)
  • CAT.6 refers to Category 6 cables and connectors whose features are defined up to 1000 BASET, 1000 Mbps, 250 MHz.
  • CAT 6 refers to Category 6 cables and connectors whose features are defined up to 10GBASET, 10 Gbps, 500 MHz.
  • CAT.7 refers to Category 7 cables and connectors whose features are defined up to 600 MHz. It's correspond to Class F.
  • The chrominance signal (represented by C) contains color information of an image.
  • Common Mode Rejection Ratio: This ratio gives an indication of the capacity of a device for rejecting common mode signals, ie signals which are applied simultaneously to the pair of conductors of a balanced cable (noise). When the common mode signal arrives along with the audio signal at the(...)
  • A coaxial cable design is a structure in which the conductor is centered within another with both connectors transmitting current (from the source to the load and return). Every part of the cable is on the same axis (they are coaxial). They are used for high frequency signals. Coaxial cables(...)
  • Commonly known as RGB that can be: – RGB sinc. – RGB with H and V sinc. – RGB with sinc. on green channel. This type of signal completely separates color signals Red, Green, Blue and Sync resulting in a better definition for each color channel. The component video signal is never used(...)
  • An analog composite video signal is used in most home applications. It combines the chrominance (C) and luminance(Y) along with a sync signal into one cable. PAL and NTSC are the analogue composite video signals. Bibliography: "Handbook for Sound Engineers". Glen Ballou. Focal Press. Fourth(...)

  • d

  • Dante is a proprietary Network Layer audio transportation protocol developed by Audinate. Dante pachages audio data as a payload inside an IP packet. That means Dante traffic is fully routable-a router can send it from one Lan to another or from inside a VLAN to outside a VLAN. Dante(...)
  • The Decibel is a logarithmic relationship between two numbers. It is a widely used in telecommunications unit. We can see it when it is indicated measurements as: Gain or Attenuation of a device, Signal Noise Ratio (SNR), Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), etc. For dB derivatives see: dBu,(...)
  • A power measurement which is referenced to 1 mW. While the 'z' (often omitted) is the impedance of the circuit measured. When z is omitted it is assumed to be 600 ohm. If 0 dBm is measured across a 600 ohm load (denoted most clearly as "dBm (600 ohm)") we know that 0.001 W is consumed. 0(...)
  • It is a measure init of acoustic sound pressure. Acoustic sound pressure levels (SPL's) measured in dB are commonly referenced to a level of 20×10-6 Pa (Pascal) o 20 µPa. This is the sound level of the threshold of human hearing. The SPL in decibels is the number of decibels above this(...)
  • A voltage measurement which has been taken with no concern for circuit impedance but is being referenced to 0.775 V as though the circuit were 600 ohm (which may or may not be the case). Because the circuit impedance is unknown the actual power is not defined and the measurement is,(...)
  • A voltage measurement which is referenced to 1 V. It is commonly used when we speaking about consumer devices (unbalanced and high impedance devices) whose nominal output value is -10 dBV. 0 dBV = 1 V -10 dBV = 0.316 V
  • A power measurement lik the dBm but referenced to 1 W. The dBW is gererally too large a measure for microphone and line level audio but may be used to quantify the output of a power amplifier. 0 dBW = 1 W +16 dBW = 39.81 W The dBW is related to the dBm by: dBW = dBm – 30
  • The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic ratio between two numbers, it compares a value with other reference value. Depending on with which they are related there are: without suffixes dB and dB with suffixes (dBu, dBV, dBm...).
  • The Pinanson Digi Rack Box is an interface (creation of the brand) where all the audio signals from the stage converge to the Stage Box of a digital console. It provides Remote boxes connection, Patching, Analogue splitter and connection by multipin. The following advantages can be(...)
  • The ability of a product to continue operating properly without revision over time maintaining their physical and functional characteristics.

  • e

  • When we talk about embedded audio in a SDI video signal, we refer to the digital audio that is included in the frame of the SDI digital video signal. That is, through a single cable or fiber, a video signal plus the audio signal associated with that video is transmitted. SMPTE 299M-2004(...)
  • The aluminium extrusion is mold the aluminium in a particular form and obtain the required aluminium profile. Thus, a SINGLE PIECE with size and shape required is obtained.

  • f

  • In some applications, interwinding capacitances are very undesirable. They are completely eliminated by the use of a Faraday Shield between the windings. Sometimes called an Electrostatic shield, it generally takes the form of a thin sheet of copper foil placed between the windings. When(...)
  • Cable with overall aluminium foil shield. Twisted pair with aluminium foil shield.
  • – FIRE RESISTIVE. To the following standards referred: IEC 60331: Tests for electric cables under fire conditions. Circuit integrity. The difference between Retardant and Resistive is that Retardant one resists the spread of fire into a new area and Resistive one maintain the circuit(...)
  • This measurement indicates output level of a device which is stimulated with different frequencies (in audio signal from 20Hz up to 20.000 Hz) at a determinate input level. A “flat response” describes the graphic shape when the device has the same response in all range, with slope ‘0’ and very(...)
  • FTP: Foilded Twisted Pair. Par trenzado apantallado. Pantalla en cinta de aluminio.
  • Cable with overall aluminium foil shield. Twisted pair without individual shield.

  • g

  • In many installations, the ground potential between one rack and another, or between one point in a building and another, may be different. When two points are connected that do have a potential difference, this causes a ground loop. A ground loop is the flow of electricity down a ground wire(...)

  • h

  • High Definition - Serial Digital Interface: Video Signal with standard definition according to SMPTE 292:2012. This standard includes the signals: Format: 16:9 / 1280 pix. × 720p active lines / Bit Rate: 1.5 Gbps Format: 16:9 / 1920 pix. × 1080i active lines / Bit Rate: 1.5 Gbps

  • i

  • Intermodulation Distortion: IM distortion test mixes 60 Hz and 7 KHz signals in a 4:1 amplitude ratio. For virtually all electronic amplifier circuits, there is an approximate relationship between THD and SMPTE IM distortion. For example, if an amplifier measured 0.1% THD at 60 Hz at a given(...)
  • A driver has internal impedance, measured in ohms, called output impedance. The ideal value would be zero. A receiver has internal impedance, measured in ohms, called input impedance. The ideal value would be infinite. The goal of a professional audio device is, with exceptions; transmit(...)
  • The IP code is a coding system to indicate the protection degree provided by an enclosure (box, flight case...) regarding to the penetration of solids and water. This code consists of two numbers located immediately after the letters "IP" and independent of each other. First digit:(...)
  • The IP code is a coding system to indicate the protection degree provided by an enclosure (box, flight case…) regarding to the penetration of solids and water. This code consists of two numbers located immediately after the letters “IP” and independent of each other. First digit: indicates(...)

  • j

  • This connector is intended for audio broadcast and similar professional use. It is used with balanced signal and its diameter is ¼’’ or 6.3 mm. Positive Signal: Tip, Return Signal: Ring, Shield: Sleeve. Bibliography: AES-R3-2001,IEC 61602.
  • This connector is for use in general audio application. It is used with balanced signal and its diameter is ¼’’ or 6.3 mm. Pin designations, Positive Signal: Tip, Return Signal: Ring, Shield: Sleeve. Bibliography: AES-R3-2001, IEC 60603.
  • This connector is for use in general audio application. It is used with unbalanced signal and its diameter is 6.3 mm. Positive Signal: Tip, Return Signal + Ground (Shield): Sleeve. Bibliography: AES-R3-2001, IEC 60603.

  • l

  • We can distinguish two different line audio levels: - Consumer equipment: -10 dBV (0.316 V RMS) - Professional equipment: + 4 dBu (1.23 V RMS)
  • A Line Splitter is an Audio Splitter for line signal used for distribute this signal into several identical outputs with the same level. A Line Splitter can be Active Audio Splitter or Passive Audio Splitter depending on if you need amplify the signal or not.
  • These initials indicate LOW SMOKE + O (Zero) HALOGENS: – LOW SMOKE. To the following standards referred: EN 61034: Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. IEC 61034 also. So Low Smoke means low opacity of smoke emitted. – O (Zero) HALOGEN. To the(...)
  • These initials indicate LOW SMOKE + ZERO HALOGENS: – LOW SMOKE. To the following standards referred: EN 61034: Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. IEC 61034 also. So Low Smoke means low opacity of smoke emitted. – ZERO HALOGEN. To the following(...)
  • The luminance signal (represented by Y) is black or white or any gray value of an image.

  • m

  • When we speak about microphone level is of output level of the microphone without preamplification. Microphone level is significantly lower than line level, from a few micro volts up to several volts (depending on the sound pressure with which is excited). - It can be up to -60 dBu (0.0007(...)
  • It is an Audio Splitter for microphone signal used for distribute this signal into several identical outputs with the same level. Thanks to its insulation by transformer, each output is insulated from others avoiding ground loops. This is a very important issue as the connected devices can(...)
  • This connector is for use in general audio application. It is used with balanced signal and its diameter is 3.5 mm. Pin designation, Positive Signal: Tip, Return Signal: Ring, Shield: Sleeve. Normally, this kind o connection is used in smartphones or tablets as headphone outputs. In such(...)
  • A Mono or Monophonic signal is an audio single signal of one channel. There is no differentiation of left and right (L and R) as Stereo Signal does .
  • In fiber optic light can travel in two forms that characterize the fiber itself with two types: single-mode fibre and multimode fibre. In multimode fibre the core diameter is big (50 um - 300 um) therefore can travel more light rays. Some of the signal goes straight down the fiber while the(...)

  • n

  • Networked audio is the real-time distribution of uncompressed digital audio signals through Ethernet networks. The signal transmission is done by structured cabling such as CAT.5e or CAT.6 and optical fibre cabling. This technology allows transmit/receive up to 512 channels through a single(...)

  • p

  • It is an audio splitter which performs the distribution of signal through transformers with no power supply this make them to be mobile device therefore very usefull in any place where it is necessary a signal distribution.

  • r

  • It is a term that we can find in electrical characteristics of a cable or connector. RL is a measure of the reflected energy from a transmitted signal and is expressed in “dB”, the higher the value, the better. The reflections are caused by impedance mismatch caused by connectors, improper(...)
  • The RGB signal is a video signal representing the color Red- Green- Blue , the primary colors of television. Usually called Component Video signal as is divided into its component colors . When these analog signals are carried separately, better image resolution is achieved . These signals(...)
  • Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances (Directive 2011/65/EU): It Is a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (before Directive(...)

  • s

  • Standard Definition - Serial Digital Interface: Video Signal with standard definition according to SMPTE ST 259:2008. This standard includes the signals: Format: 4:3 / 720 pix. × 576i active lines / Bit Rate: 270 Mbps Format: 16:9 / 960 pix. × 576i active lines / Bit Rate: 360 Mbps
  • S-video requires dual coaxial cable to allow separate transmission of the luminance (Y) and the chrominance (C). This transmission is sometimes referred to as Y-C. Separating these signals provides greater picture detail and resolution and less noise interference.
  • Overall double shield: copper braid and aluminium foil shield. Twisted pair without individual shield.
  • Cable shielding and pair twisting ensures the integrity of the audio and video signal against possible EMI and RFI (Electromagnetic Interference and Radio Frequency Interference) around the cable. Cables can be shielded or unshielded, except coaxial cables where, by definition, require a(...)
  • In fiber optic light can travel in two forms that characterize the fiber itself : single-mode fiber and multimode fiber. In single-mode fibre is as a straight shot: the light path is small in diameter, which makes the signal path mostly straight. It has a diameter ranging from about 8 um(...)
  • SMPTE video standard for SD-SDI signal.
  • SMPTE video standard for HD-SDI signal.
  • It is a standard which define a type of connector for use in the connection between the camera and the CCU for Broadcasting and high definition professional video combining electrical and optical signals (copper and fiber). The SMPTE 304 connector is made to be used with a cable under the(...)
  • SMPTE video standard for 3D-SDI signal.
  • Signal-to-noise ratio: is to make a relationship between valid audio and the noise in a signal. It is measured in dB. The higher this number in dB, the higher the amount of valid audio in the signal will be in relation to the noise.
  • Sony/Philips Digital Interface: digital audio format for consumer equipments. It's the equivalent of AES 3 signal (used for professional equipments). It uses 75 ohm coaxial cable and RCA connector for max distances of 10 m. For lower distances at 15 m it's used plastic optical fibre and(...)
  • It is an Audio Splitter which operates through electronic circuit so that it can provide amplified outputs if it is required. For this reason it is necessary to be powered.
  • A Stereophonic or Stereo signal is an audio signal composed of two different audio channels Left (L) and Right (R). These signals (Left and Right) play different signals creating a real acoustic sensation since the position of human ears is also right and left and therefore are receivers of(...)
  • STP: Shielded Twisted Pair. Par Trenzado Apantallado. Pantalla en trenza de cobre.
  • Structured cabling, also called communications cabling, dat/voice is the standarized infrastructured (by TIA/EIA and IEEE) for telephone and local area network (LAN). These standards are TIA/EIA 568 and IEEE 802.3. Nowadays structured cabling is also part of AV world. This cabling is made(...)

  • t

  • Total Harmonic Distortion: when the harmonic distortion of a device is tested, the appearance of new frequencies that have been added to the original frequency to be transmitted by a device is measured. These frequencies (derived from the fundamental frequency generated) are undesirable(...)
  • Video triaxial cable is used to interconnect professional video cameras to their related equipment. Triaxial cable contains a center conductor and two isolated shields allowing it to support many functions on the one cable. The center conductor and outer shield carry the video signals plus(...)
  • A twisted pair cable comprises two joined insulated conductors forming a twist. These cables can drive balanced lines. A balanced cable (see balanced signal) is a configuration of two electrically identical conductors. The electrical signal is referenced to ground that is point zero in the(...)

  • u

  • These connectors are prepared to work with Unbalanced Signal. Some unbalanced connectors are: BNC, RCA, and JACK TS. Pin designation: BNC: Positive Signal: central contact, Return + Ground (Shield): chassis connector. RCA: Positive Signal: central contact, Return + Ground(...)
  • An unbalanced signal is composed of Positive Signal (+), Return Signal + Ground (Shield). Unbalanced cables transmit signal over one conductor and shield. An unbalanced connector has 2 contacts where the conductor and shield are joined.
  • An unbalancer adapts a balanced to unbalanced signal (connecting professional devices to consumer devices) with a 12 dB attenuation, if it is required.
  • UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair . Par trenzado sin apantallar.

  • x

  • XLR connector is a balanced connector for audio signal with 3 pins: Positive Signal, Return Signal and ground. Pin designations: Positive Signal: pin 2, Return Signal: pin 3 and Shield: pin 1. These connectors have 3 pins and are used for balanced connection, but if some equipment using(...)